Explain how deception operations may be executed in SEW and give an example.

• A. By emitting forged telemetry, pseudo-satellites, or misleading Doppler/timing information to mislead a hostile receiver; example: spoofed ephemeris data to mislead tracking.
• B. By physically destroying sensors.
• C. By replacing satellites with decoys that are inert.
• D. By increasing signal power to saturate the receiver.

Answer: (A)

Deception in SEW centers on making an adversary believe something about the space environment that isn’t true, by feeding them forged or misleading information rather than simply destroying or overpowering assets. Emitting forged telemetry, creating pseudo-satellites, or altering Doppler and timing data all aim to produce a believable but false picture of where, how fast, or even what a satellite is doing. A concrete example is spoofed ephemeris data that causes tracking systems to compute incorrect orbital positions or identities. The result is mis-pointing, misallocation of resources, or mistaken predictions, all without physically touching the asset.

Other approaches fail to deliver that deceptive, information-focused effect. Physically destroying sensors is about denial of capability, not about misleading an observer. Replacing satellites with inert decoys doesn’t provide the dynamic, believable data streams that drive false conclusions. Increasing signal power to saturate a receiver is jam-based disruption, not deception through manipulated information.